Fluid-pressure riveter or punch.



PATRNTED MAR.10, 1903. S.' S. UASKRY. FLUID PRESSURE RIVRTRR 0R PUNCH.

APPLICATION 'FILED JAN. 1o, 1901.

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`No. 722,489. U f Y PATENTEDZMR. 10, 1903.

S. S. GASKEY. 1 FLUID PRESSURE RIVETER 0R PUNCH.

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N O MODEL. l 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- UNITED STATES SAMUEL S. CASKEY, OFPHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

FLUID-PRESSURE RIVETER OR PUNCH.

SPECIFICATION yforming part f Letters Patent NO. 722,489, dated March10, 1903. Application filed January 10I 1901I Serial No. 42,787. (Nomodel.)

To a/ZZ wiz/om t may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL S. CASKEY, a

citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county ofPhiladelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented a newand usefulImprovement in Fluid-Pressure Riveters or Punches, of which thefollowingisa specication.

My invention consists of an improved construction of a huid-pressureriveter or punch wherein the expense of production is reduced to aminimum and the construction simplified, whereby great power is obtainedat a minimum cost.

It also consists of a novel construction of a tail-rod, hollow piston,and stationary rod having a passage therethrough and adapted to coactwith or telescope into said tail-rod.

It also consists of a novel construction of throttle-valve and itsadjuncts.

It also consists of a novel construction of a hollow piston.

It further consists of novel details of construction, all as will behereinafter fully set forth, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

Figure 1 represents a longitudinal sectional view of a fluid-pressureriveter or punch embodying my invention, a portion thereofbeing shown inelevation. Fig. 2 represents, on an enlarged scale, a longitudinalsectional view of the tail-rod in detached position. Fig. 3 represents aside elevation of the throttle-valve support seen in detached position.Fig. 4 represents a longitudinal sectional view of Fig. 3. Fig. 5represents a longitudinal sectional view of the throttle-valve, thesection being taken on line :r of Fig. 6. Fig. 6 represents a section online 'y y, Fig. 5.

Similar numerals of reference indicate correspondingparts in thefigures.

Referring to the drawings, the -motive fluid enters the inlet l in thecylinder-head 2, which is preferably of semispherical shape in its innercontour, whereby thecurved inner wall 3 is formed, from which leads thepost 4, having its passage 5 therein, which communicates with thepassage 6 in the valve-support 7, which is provided with the partition 8and the port 9.

10 designates a post mounted on the cylinder 1l, said posthaving thepassage 12 therein,

whereby a communication is formed between thel piston-chamber 13 and thepassage 14 in the valve-support 7, said passage 14 communicating withthe passage 6 by means of the port 15 and the recess lo' in the valve17, the latter consisting of the sleeve or body portion 18, having thepassage '19 therethrough,where by said valve is rotatably mounted on thesupport 7, but is prevented from longitudinal movement by the shoulderor collar 2O and the shoulder 21 of the post 10, said rotary valve beingprovided with the exhaust-port 22. The cylinder-head 2 is provided withthe rearward extension 23, in which reciprocates the tail-rod 24, thelatter having the enlarged portion 25, which is of substantially thesame' diameter as the inner bore of said extension, whereby a shoulderis formed, against which is held the packing 26 by means of the follower27 and the bolt or other fastening device 28, it being apparent thatsaid tail-rod, packing-nut, and bolt reciprocate in unison. The innerextremity of the tail-rod 24 is secured within the piston 29 by means ofthe shoulder 30 and the nut 31, whereby it will be seen that said pistonand tail-rod must move in unison. The tail-rod 24 is provided with thelongitudinally-extending chamber 32, which is of larger diameter thanthe alining chamber or passage 33, which is provided with the recesses34, said passage 33 being of substantially the same diameter as thealining stationary rod 35, the end 36,0f which latter enters the piston29 and terminates a short distance from the extremity 0f the tail-rod 24when the latter and its piston are in their extreme left-hand position,as indicated in Fig. l.

rlhe rod 35 extends freely through the packing-nut 37, which is securedin the opening 38 of the piston 29 and is suitably packed by means ofthe packing 39, which latter is pressed against the plate 40 by means ofsaid packing-nut.

4l designates a longitudinally extending passage in the rod 35,whichlatter is mounted in the head 42 of the hook 43, which latter is screwedor otherwise 'secured to the cylinder 1l.

44 designates a passage in the hook 43, whereby a communication isformed between the passage 4l and the chamber 45, in the up- ICO perportion of which is located the piston 46, which is provided withsuitable packing 47, which is held in position by the plate 48 and bolt49. Y

50 designates a spring located in the chamber 45, one end of said springbearing against the under side of the piston 46, while the lowerextremity of said spring contacts with the ring 51, which is securedwithin the inner lower` portion of the chamber 45 by the screw 52 orother suitable means.

53 designates a rod depending from the piston 46 and carrying the heador plunger 54, which is provided with the punch, buttonset, or othersuitable device 55.

The operation is as follows: The piston 29, which is in the presentinstance of the form of a hollow sphere, is first filled with a suitableliquid, and the parts being assembled substantially as seen in Fig. 1 itwill be noted that the extremity of the rod 41 terminates a shortdistance from the inlet to the passage 33, and consequently when thethrottle-valve is turned, so as to form a communication between thechamber 13, the passages 12, 14, and 22 to the atmosphere,the constantiiuidpressure entering at the inlet 1 will force the piston 29 to theright, carrying with it the tail-rod 24 and its adjuncts. The rod 35being stationary will telescope or be received Within the chambers32'and 33,where by a powerful and direct pressure will be exertedthrough the passages 4l and 44 upon the top of the piston 46, wherebythe punch 55 will be caused to descend. The throttlevalve 17 is nowturned into the position seen in Fig. 1, so that the piston 29, byreason of the pressure upon its larger differential-pressure area, iscaused to resume the position seen in Fig. 1 again, and the spring 50causes the piston 46 and its adjuncts to also move into the positionseen in Fig. 1, whereupon the above-described operation can be repeated.

I desire to lay especial emphasis upon the novel construction of thehollow stationary rod 35, terminating a short distance from the inlet tothe chamber 32 when the parts are in the position seen in Fig. 1, as itwill be seen that by this construction when the piston moves toward thehook 43 a powerful and direct pressure will be immediately exerted uponthe riveting or punching device. It will be seen that by utilizing thehollow piston as a reservoir space is economized and the operation ofthe riveting device is effected in an expeditious and economical manner.The hook 43 may be secured by various means to the cylinder, and whilein practice I prefer to secure the stationary rod 35 in position bydriving it into the tapered seat 56it will be apparent that theengagement of said rod 35 Awith its hook can be effected by other means.

The piston 29 need not in every instance be of special or globular form,but may be of other shape in cross-section, and, if desired,

other means can be employed for controlling,

the action of the Huid pressure upon the larger differential area of thepiston 29.

It will be understood that riveters or punches of the characterdescribed herein are frequently held iu other positions than thehorizont-al, and it is consequently preferable and in most instancesvery necessary that the hollow piston 29 be of globular or sphericalform, so that when filled with liquid the water-line within the samewill always cover the opening or communication between the hollowstationary rod 34 and the tail-rod 24. So far as I am aware I am thefirst to employ a hollow piston in tools of this character, and myclaims to this feature are therefore of corresponding scope. I desire toalso emphasize the simplicity of the means employed by me for securingthe stationary rod 35 into the head 42 of the hook 43, since it will beapparent that said rod is simply driven into position in its taperedseat, and since the pressure upon the larger or left-hand end of saidrod always exceeds .the pressure upon the smaller or right-handextremity thereof said hollow rod is always held forcibly and snuglyagainst its tapered seat without leakage and without necessitating theemployment of extraneous fastening devices.

The post 4 may be cast on the cylinder 9, if desired, and it will beapparent that other changes may be made by those skilled in the artwhich will come within the scope of my invention, and I do not,therefore, desire to be limit-ed in every instance to the exactconstruction herein shown and described.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a riveter or punch, the combination of a stationary rod having apassage therethrough leading to a punching or riveting device, a hollowpiston for the reception of said rod, and a tail-rod secured to saidpiston and having a chamber therein for the reception of said stationaryrod, the inlet of said stationary rod terminating exterior to the inletof said tail-rod, when said tail-rod is in one of its extreme positions.

2. In a riveter or punch, the combination of a stationary rod having apassage therethrough leading to a punching or riveting device, a hollowpiston for the reception of said rod, differential areas on oppositesides of said piston, and a tail-rod secured to said piston and having achamber therein for the reception of said stationary rod, the inlet ofsaid stationary rod terminating exterior to the inlet to said chamber,and being in direct communication with the interior of said hollowpiston, when said movable rod is in one of its extreme positions.

3. As an improved article of manufacture, a hollow, spherical pistonhaving an outlet in proximity to the center of the spherical cavity andadapted to contain liquid andv to be moved in opposite directions byiiuidpressure.

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4. In a riveter or punch, the combination of a cylinder, a stationaryrod having a passage therethrough leading to a punching or rivetingdevice, a hollow piston, said stationary rod being in directcommunication with the interior of said piston, a movable rod attachedto said piston and having a chamber' therein in direct communicationwith the interior of said piston, the extremity of said stationary rodterminating exterior to said chamber, when said movable rod is in one ofits extreme positions, differential pressure areas on opposite sides ofsaid piston and means for directing` duid-pressure upon' said areas.

5. In a riveter or punch, the combination of a cylinder, a stationaryrod having a passage therethrough leading to a punching or rivetingdevice, a movable rod having a chamber therein, a hollow piston carryingsaid movable rod, the extremity of said stationary rod terminatingexterior to the inlet to said chamber, and the latter being in directcommunication with the interior of said piston, when said piston is inone of its extreme positions, said stationary rod being in directcommunication with the interior of the piston, and means for admittingand exhausting fluidpressure to and from opposite sides of said piston.

6. In a riveter or punch, the combination of a cylinder, a stationaryrod having a passage therethrough leading to a punching or rivetingdevice, a movable rod having a chamber therein and a hollow sphericalpiston carrying said movable rod said chamber being in directcommunication with the interior of said piston, the extremity of saidstationary rod terminating exterior to the inlet to said chamber, whensaid piston is in one of its extreme positions, and said stationary rodbeing in direct communication with the interior of the piston, saidpiston having differential pressure areas, and means for directingfiuidpressure upon said areas.

7. In a riveter or punch, the combination of a cylinder, astationary rodhaving a passage therethrough leading to a punching or riveting device,a movable rod having a chamber therein and a hollow spherical pistoncarrying said movable rod, said chamber being in direct communicationwith the interior of said piston and the extremity of said stationaryrod terminating exterior to the inlet to said chamber when said pistonis in one of its extremepositions, and said stationary rod being indirect communication with the interior of said piston, and means foroperating said piston in one direction by constant pressure and in theother direction by intermittent pressure.

8. The combination of a cylinder, a hook secured thereto, a stationaryrod secured in a tapered seat in said hook and having a passagetherethrough, the pressure area on the free end of said rod beinggreater than the area of the other end thereof, whereby said rod isalways held to its seat, and a movable tail-rod detachable from itspiston and adapted to coact with said stationary rod.

9. In a riveter or punch the combination of a cylinder, a hollowspherical piston therein and having an outlet in proximity to the centerof the spherical cavity, a hollow stationary rod in direct communicationwith the in. terior of said piston, and a tail-rod movable with saidpiston, said stationary rod telescoping into said tail-rod.

10. In a riveter or punch, the combination of a cylinder, a hollowpiston therein, a hollow stationary rod in direct communication with theinterior of said piston, and a tail-rod movable with said piston, saidstationary rod telescoping into'said tail-rod, and the inlet end of saidstationary rod terminating exterior to the inlet of said tail-rod, whenthe latter is in its extreme outer position.

11. In a riveter or punch, the combination of a cylinder, a hollowpiston therein, a tailrod detachably secured within said piston andmoving in unison therewith, anda stationary rod in direct communicationwith the interior of said piston and having a passage therethrough andadapted to telescope into said tail-rod, the extremity of saidstationary rod terminating exterior to the entrance to said tail-rod,when the latter is in one of its extreme positions.

12. In a riveter or punch, the combination of a cylinder having thereina hollow piston adapted to contain a liquid, a tail-rod having a chambercommunicating with the interior of said piston and a hollow stationaryrod suitably supported within said cylinder, the inlet end of saidstationary rod terminating exterior to the inlet to the chamber andwithin the hollow piston, when said tail-rod is in one of its extremepositions.

13. In a riveter or punch, the combination of a cylinder having thereina hollow spherical piston adapted to contain a liquid, a tailrod havinga chamber communicating with the interior of said piston and a hollowstationary rod suitably supported within said cylinder, the inlet end ofsaid stationary rod terminating exterior to the inlet to the chamber andwithin the hollow piston, when said tail-rod is in one of its extremepositions.

14. In a riveter or punch, the combination of a cylinder, a hollowpiston therein lled at all times with a suitable iluid, a tail-rodmovable in unison with said piston and a stationary rod in directcommunication with the interior of said piston, provided with a passagetherethrough leading to a riveting device and adapted to coact with saidtailrod, the extremity of said 'stationary rod terminating exterior tothe entrance to said tailrod, when the latter is in one vof its extremepositions.

l5. In a riveter or punch, the combination of a cylinder-head having anextension projecting outwardly therefrom, a tail-rod movable within saidextension, a piston to which said tail-rod is secured, and a stationaryrod IOC IIO

in direct communication with the interior of said piston and having apassage therethrough leading to a riveting device, said rod beingadapted to telescope within said tail-rod, and the inlet end of saidstationary rod terminating exterior to the inlet of said tailrod,whenthe latter is in its extreme outer position.

16. In a riveter or punch, the combination of a hook, a cylinder towhich said hook is secured, a tapered seat carried thereby, a stationaryrod secured in said seat and projecting into said cylinder, the pressurearea on the free end of said rod being greater than the area on theother end thereof, a holloviT piston in said cylinder always normallyfilled with a liquid, a chamber in the outer portion of said hook, apiston in said chamber, a passage leading from said stationary rod to apoint above said piston, the interior of said hollow piston being indirect communication with the passage in said rod.

17. In a riveter or punch, the combination of a hollow spherical pistonadapted to be filled wit-h fluid, a tail-rod moving in unison with saidpiston and having a chamber therein, a stationary rod having a passagetherethrough and in direct communication with said piston, the extremityof said stationary rod being adapted to terminate-exterior to saidchamber when the latter is in its extreme outward position, and meansfor enabling a motive fluid to reciprocate said piston.

l18. In a riveter or punch, the combination of a hook containing achamber therein, a

piston mounted in said` chamber, packing for the upper side of saidpiston, a ring secured to the inner portion of said chamber, a springoccupying the space between said ring and the under side of said piston,a rod depending from said piston, a head mounted on the lower extremityof said rod below said ring and means for operating said piston.

19. In a riveter or punch, the combination of a cylinder, acylinder-head therefor, a hollow piston movable in said cylinder, atailrod carried by said piston and having a chamber therein, and astationary rod mounted within said cylinder and in direct communicationwith said piston, and having a passage therein for conducting pressureto a riveting device, said stationary rod being adapted to telescopewithin said tail-rod, and the inlet end of said stationary rodterminating eXterior to the inlet of said tail-rod, when the latter isin its extreme outer position.

20. In a riveter or punch, the combination of a cylinder, acylinder-head therefor, provided with a curved inner wall, a hollowpiston movable in said cylinder, a tail-rod carried by said pistou andhaving a chamber therein, and a stationary rod mounted within saidcylinder and in direct communication with said piston, and having apassage therein for conducting pressure to a riveting device, saidstationary rod being adapted to telescope within said tail-rod, and theinlet end of said stationary rod terminating exterior to the inlet ofsaid tail-rod, When the latter is in its eXtreme outer position.

2l. The combination of a cylinder and its head, a valve-support, portsleading from each end of the latter to said cylinder, a rotatable valvemounted on said support, passages leading to and through said supportfrom said head and cylinder, and ports in said valvesupport adapted tocoact with a recess and an exhaust-port in said valve.

22. In a riveter or punch, the combination of a hollow piston, a platetherein, packing held against said plate, a packing-nut, a stationaryrod having a passage therethrough passing through said nut and packing,a tailrod having a chamber therein secured within said piston and meansfor directing motive fluid upon the opposite surfaces of said piston.

23. In a riveter or punch, the combination of a throttle-valve supporthaving passages in each end thereof, a partition intermediate saidpassages, 'a cylinder', a piston therein having differential pressureareas, ports leading from said passages to said areas, a throttle valveconsisting of a sleeve rotatably mounted upon said support, a recess insaid throttle-valve adapted to cooperate with ports in saidvalve-support, and an exhaust-port in said throttle-valve.

24. In a riveter or punch, the combination of a cylinder, acylinder-head, posts arising from said head and the opposite extremityof said cylinder, passages in said posts, a valvesupport containingpassages therein, a partition intermediate said passages, ports for thelatter, and a valve provided with an exhaustport and a recess mountedupon said valvesupport.

25. In a riveter or punch, the combination of a cylinder,.acylinder-head, having a curved inner contour, posts arising from saidhead and the opposite extremity of said cylinder, passages in saidposts, a valve-support containing passages therein, a partitionintermediate said passages, ports for the latter and a valve providedwith an exhaust-port and a recess mounted upon said valve-support.

26. As an improved article of manufacture, a hollow spherical pistonhaving an outlet in proximity to the center of the spherical cavity, andadapted to contain liquid and provided with differential pressure areas.

27. The combination of a cy1inder,a piston therein consisting of ahollow spherical shell, adapted to normally always contain a liquid andhaving an outlet in proximity to the center of the sphericalcavity, aclosure for said shell, a riveting or punching device, and means forutilizing the pressure createdby putting said liquid under pressure foroperating said device. l

28. The combination of a cylinder, a ta-v pered seat carried thereby, astationary rod secured in said seat and having a passage therethrough,the pressure area on the free end of said rod being greater than thearea ICO IIO

on the other end thereof, whereby said rod is always held to its seat, ariveting device, and means for conducting pressure thereto through thepassage in said rod.

29. The combination of a hollow piston, a tail-rod having a chambertherein, the inlet to said chamber being located within said piston,thelatter-normally containinga liquid, a hollow stationary rod having itsextremity in direct communication with the interior of said piston andterminating exterior to the inlet of the chamber in said tail-rod, whenthe latter is in its extreme outer position, and means for reciprocatingsaid piston.

30. Thle combination of a cylinder, a hollow spherical piston therein,and having an outlet in proximity to the center' of the sphericalcavity, adapted to always normally contain a liquid, a riveting device,a stationary rod adapted to enter said piston and to be in directcommunication with the interior thereof, said rod having a passagetherethrough leading to said riveting device, and means for directingfluid-pressure from said hollow piston to said riveting device.

3l. The combination of a cylinder, a tapered seat carried thereby, astationary rod secured in said seat and having a passage therethrough,the pressure area on the free end of said rod being greater than thearea of the other end thereof, whereby said rod is always held to itsseat, and a movable tailrod adapted to coact with said stationary rod.

In a pneumatic riveter, the combination of a hollow spherical pistonadapted to contain a liquid, a riveting device, a passage leading tosaid riveting device and in direct communication with the interior ofsaid piston, and a tail-rod carried by said piston and having a chambertherein, the extrem- 4o ity of said passage terminating at substantiallythe center of said piston and exterior to said chamber when said pistonis in one of its extreme positions.

33. As an improved article of manufacture, a piston consisting of ahollow shell of spherical form with an outlet in proximity to the centerof the spherical cavity, and adapted to contain a liquid, and a closurefor said shell.

3i. As an improved article of manufacture, a piston consisting of ashell having a cavity therein, and an outlet in proximity to the centerof said cavity, the latter being adapted to contain a liquid.

35. In a punch or riveter, a piston capable of containing liquid andhaving an outlet in such relation to the contour of the cavity in thepiston, that in any position of the riveter, the outlet will remainbeneath the surfaces of the liquid in the piston.

36. In a riveter or punch, the combination of a stationary rod having apassage therethrough leading to a punch or riveting device, a hollowpiston for the reception of said rod, and a tail-rod secured to saidpiston and having a chamber therein for the reception of said stationaryrod, the inlet end of said stationary rod terminating exterior to theinlet of said chamber and being in direct communication with theinterior of said hollow piston when said movable rod is in one of itsextreme positions.

SAMUEL S. CASKEY.

Witnesses:

E. HAYWARD FAIRBANKS, FRANK F. SLocoMB.

